Abstract:
Gliomas are brain tumors originating from glial cells and their precursor cells. In spite of currently used therapy, patient survival remains very poor. The main reason for dismal prognosis is the high level of tumor recurrence because of resistance to different ways of treatment. Currently, it is believed that glioma development is connected with the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor-initiating cells. The theory of hierarchal tumor structure is now commonly accepted. It accounts for characteristics of these cells, namely, the capability of self-renewal and differentiation into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, these cells bear multiple genetic lesions typical of cancer cells. Thus, the presence of these cells after surgery and further treatment allows the tumor to recur. The data obtained in recent years confirm the important role of CSCs in the development of tumor resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In this review, we present general information about classification and treatment of gliomas and consider results of research connected with the influence of radiation therapy. Some authors show that DNA repair enables CSCs to survive even after treatment. To sum up, it is shown that DNA repair contributes to the development of tumor resistance to ionizing radiation. In addition, our work confirms the hypothesis that inhibition of DNA repair processes in these cells leads to tumor sensitization to radiotherapy.
About The Authors:
Yu. S. Makusheva. Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, Russian Federation
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